K. 498a

降B大调钢琴奏鸣曲，K. 498a（伪作／存疑）

par Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Unfinished portrait of Mozart by Lange, 1782-83
Mozart, unfinished portrait by Joseph Lange, c. 1782–83

所谓《降B大调钢琴奏鸣曲》（K. 498a；1785）是一部以莫扎特名义流传的四乐章键盘作品，但如今普遍被认为并非真作——最常与奥古斯特·埃伯哈德·米勒联系在一起。现存证据显示，它很可能是莫扎特去世后由不同来源材料拼合而成，其中一些还改编自确凿的莫扎特作品。

背景与语境

当代研究中，K. 498a这首奏鸣曲与其说能对应莫扎特在1785年（他在维也纳的“协奏曲之年”）有据可考的键盘创作，不如说更牵涉到较晚的出版史：它直到1798年才首次付梓，在莱比锡以莫扎特之名出版，随后不久便又被转而与托马斯教堂乐长奥古斯特·埃伯哈德·米勒（1767–1817）联系起来 [1] [2]。

《新莫扎特全集》（Neue Mozart-Ausgabe）将该作品归入真伪存疑之列，并将其视为一种“混合”文本：所依据的是早期印本的综合形态，而非出自某一单一、权威的原始来源 [3]。在这幅充满争议的图景中，较早的作者偶尔会把某些乐章（尤其是第一与第三乐章）单独挑出来，认为它们或许保存了莫扎特式的素材；但在当下的编校框架里，这类说法仍被视为可疑 [3]。

音乐特征

按现存传本，K. 498a为降B大调四乐章结构（Allegro、Andante、Menuetto、Rondo）[1]。其中若干段落可明确判定为衍生改写：Andante被描述为对莫扎特《降B大调第17号钢琴协奏曲，K. 450》变奏乐章的改编，而终乐章则融入了与协奏曲K. 450、K. 456与K. 595终曲相关的改写段落 [1]。

Mozart Symphonies Nos. 40 & 41 — Miniature Study Score (Dover)

Sheet Music

Mozart Symphonies Nos. 40 & 41 — Miniature Study Score (Dover)

Mozart / Dover Publications

Pocket study scores of the two most famous symphonies — K.550 (G minor) and K.551 (Jupiter). 112 pages.

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Die Zauberflöte — James Levine / Metropolitan Opera

Opera DVD

Die Zauberflöte — James Levine / Metropolitan Opera

James Levine / Kathleen Battle, Francisco Araiza, Kurt Moll

Met Opera classic with Kathleen Battle as Pamina and Kurt Moll as Sarastro.

View on Amazon →
Così fan tutte — Glyndebourne 2006, Iván Fischer

Prime Video

Così fan tutte — Glyndebourne 2006, Iván Fischer

Iván Fischer (cond.) · Nicholas Hytner (stage) · Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment

Fischer conducts the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment in Hytner's Glyndebourne production. Outstanding international cast, period-instrument approach.

View on Amazon →
Amadeus (1984)

Prime Movie

Amadeus (1984)

Milos Forman (dir.) · F. Murray Abraham, Tom Hulce

Oscar-winning biographical drama (8 Oscars incl. Best Picture) about composer Salieri's jealousy toward Mozart. The gateway film for classical music lovers.

View on Amazon →
Mozart Piano Sonatas Volume II (Henle Urtext)

Sheet Music

Mozart Piano Sonatas Volume II (Henle Urtext)

Mozart / Ernst Herttrich (ed) / G. Henle Verlag

Premium Henle Urtext edition — the scholarly standard used by professional pianists.

View on Amazon →
Mozart Symphonies Nos. 40 & 41 — Miniature Study Score (Dover)

Sheet Music

Mozart Symphonies Nos. 40 & 41 — Miniature Study Score (Dover)

Mozart / Dover Publications

Pocket study scores of the two most famous symphonies — K.550 (G minor) and K.551 (Jupiter). 112 pages.

View on Amazon →
Die Zauberflöte — James Levine / Metropolitan Opera

Opera DVD

Die Zauberflöte — James Levine / Metropolitan Opera

James Levine / Kathleen Battle, Francisco Araiza, Kurt Moll

Met Opera classic with Kathleen Battle as Pamina and Kurt Moll as Sarastro.

View on Amazon →
Così fan tutte — Glyndebourne 2006, Iván Fischer

Prime Video

Così fan tutte — Glyndebourne 2006, Iván Fischer

Iván Fischer (cond.) · Nicholas Hytner (stage) · Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment

Fischer conducts the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment in Hytner's Glyndebourne production. Outstanding international cast, period-instrument approach.

View on Amazon →
Amadeus (1984)

Prime Movie

Amadeus (1984)

Milos Forman (dir.) · F. Murray Abraham, Tom Hulce

Oscar-winning biographical drama (8 Oscars incl. Best Picture) about composer Salieri's jealousy toward Mozart. The gateway film for classical music lovers.

View on Amazon →
Mozart Piano Sonatas Volume II (Henle Urtext)

Sheet Music

Mozart Piano Sonatas Volume II (Henle Urtext)

Mozart / Ernst Herttrich (ed) / G. Henle Verlag

Premium Henle Urtext edition — the scholarly standard used by professional pianists.

View on Amazon →
Mozart Symphonies Nos. 40 & 41 — Miniature Study Score (Dover)

Sheet Music

Mozart Symphonies Nos. 40 & 41 — Miniature Study Score (Dover)

Mozart / Dover Publications

Pocket study scores of the two most famous symphonies — K.550 (G minor) and K.551 (Jupiter). 112 pages.

View on Amazon →
Die Zauberflöte — James Levine / Metropolitan Opera

Opera DVD

Die Zauberflöte — James Levine / Metropolitan Opera

James Levine / Kathleen Battle, Francisco Araiza, Kurt Moll

Met Opera classic with Kathleen Battle as Pamina and Kurt Moll as Sarastro.

View on Amazon →
Così fan tutte — Glyndebourne 2006, Iván Fischer

Prime Video

Così fan tutte — Glyndebourne 2006, Iván Fischer

Iván Fischer (cond.) · Nicholas Hytner (stage) · Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment

Fischer conducts the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment in Hytner's Glyndebourne production. Outstanding international cast, period-instrument approach.

View on Amazon →
Amadeus (1984)

Prime Movie

Amadeus (1984)

Milos Forman (dir.) · F. Murray Abraham, Tom Hulce

Oscar-winning biographical drama (8 Oscars incl. Best Picture) about composer Salieri's jealousy toward Mozart. The gateway film for classical music lovers.

View on Amazon →
Mozart Piano Sonatas Volume II (Henle Urtext)

Sheet Music

Mozart Piano Sonatas Volume II (Henle Urtext)

Mozart / Ernst Herttrich (ed) / G. Henle Verlag

Premium Henle Urtext edition — the scholarly standard used by professional pianists.

View on Amazon →
Mozart Symphonies Nos. 40 & 41 — Miniature Study Score (Dover)

Sheet Music

Mozart Symphonies Nos. 40 & 41 — Miniature Study Score (Dover)

Mozart / Dover Publications

Pocket study scores of the two most famous symphonies — K.550 (G minor) and K.551 (Jupiter). 112 pages.

View on Amazon →
Die Zauberflöte — James Levine / Metropolitan Opera

Opera DVD

Die Zauberflöte — James Levine / Metropolitan Opera

James Levine / Kathleen Battle, Francisco Araiza, Kurt Moll

Met Opera classic with Kathleen Battle as Pamina and Kurt Moll as Sarastro.

View on Amazon →
Così fan tutte — Glyndebourne 2006, Iván Fischer

Prime Video

Così fan tutte — Glyndebourne 2006, Iván Fischer

Iván Fischer (cond.) · Nicholas Hytner (stage) · Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment

Fischer conducts the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment in Hytner's Glyndebourne production. Outstanding international cast, period-instrument approach.

View on Amazon →
Amadeus (1984)

Prime Movie

Amadeus (1984)

Milos Forman (dir.) · F. Murray Abraham, Tom Hulce

Oscar-winning biographical drama (8 Oscars incl. Best Picture) about composer Salieri's jealousy toward Mozart. The gateway film for classical music lovers.

View on Amazon →
Mozart Piano Sonatas Volume II (Henle Urtext)

Sheet Music

Mozart Piano Sonatas Volume II (Henle Urtext)

Mozart / Ernst Herttrich (ed) / G. Henle Verlag

Premium Henle Urtext edition — the scholarly standard used by professional pianists.

View on Amazon →
Mozart Symphonies Nos. 40 & 41 — Miniature Study Score (Dover)

Sheet Music

Mozart Symphonies Nos. 40 & 41 — Miniature Study Score (Dover)

Mozart / Dover Publications

Pocket study scores of the two most famous symphonies — K.550 (G minor) and K.551 (Jupiter). 112 pages.

View on Amazon →
Die Zauberflöte — James Levine / Metropolitan Opera

Opera DVD

Die Zauberflöte — James Levine / Metropolitan Opera

James Levine / Kathleen Battle, Francisco Araiza, Kurt Moll

Met Opera classic with Kathleen Battle as Pamina and Kurt Moll as Sarastro.

View on Amazon →
Così fan tutte — Glyndebourne 2006, Iván Fischer

Prime Video

Così fan tutte — Glyndebourne 2006, Iván Fischer

Iván Fischer (cond.) · Nicholas Hytner (stage) · Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment

Fischer conducts the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment in Hytner's Glyndebourne production. Outstanding international cast, period-instrument approach.

View on Amazon →
Amadeus (1984)

Prime Movie

Amadeus (1984)

Milos Forman (dir.) · F. Murray Abraham, Tom Hulce

Oscar-winning biographical drama (8 Oscars incl. Best Picture) about composer Salieri's jealousy toward Mozart. The gateway film for classical music lovers.

View on Amazon →
Mozart Piano Sonatas Volume II (Henle Urtext)

Sheet Music

Mozart Piano Sonatas Volume II (Henle Urtext)

Mozart / Ernst Herttrich (ed) / G. Henle Verlag

Premium Henle Urtext edition — the scholarly standard used by professional pianists.

View on Amazon →

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在NMA编者看来，第一乐章与小步舞曲更像是以刻意“莫扎特式”语汇写成的原创；慢乐章属于据莫扎特改编；而Rondo则近似一种风格拼贴——这也解释了为何该作品难以呈现莫扎特那些确凿无疑的维也纳奏鸣曲中常见的有机主题逻辑与紧凑的动机经济性 [3]。

Partition

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[1] Wikipedia: overview of K. 498a (publication history; movement titles; identified borrowings from Mozart concertos).

[2] IMSLP: catalogue entry listing the sonata under August Eberhard Müller and giving K. 498a / Anh. 136 identifiers.

[3] Neue Mozart-Ausgabe (Digital Mozart Edition), Series X/29/2 (Works of Dubious Authenticity): editorial discussion of K. Appendix 136 / K. 498a as a mixed edition and likely Müller work with arranged/borrowed Mozart material.