K. 480a

A大调钢琴与小提琴《Allegro》（片段），K. 480a

av Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Mozart from family portrait, c. 1780-81
Mozart from the family portrait, c. 1780–81 (attr. della Croce)

莫扎特的A大调钢琴与小提琴《Allegro》（片段）（K. 480a）如今仅存一个未完成的开篇乐章，可能写于1782年的维也纳，当时作曲家26岁。它属于1782年夏末一组未竟的键盘与小提琴作品之列；那正是莫扎特初到维也纳站稳脚跟、并迅速打磨室内乐风格的阶段。

已知情况

现存材料仅为一段钢琴与小提琴的《Allegro》乐章开头，目录编号为K. 480a（亦作KV6 385E），通常被视为原拟写作一首小提琴奏鸣曲的开端。[1][2] 一般将其写作时间定在维也纳，约为1782年8月或9月；并与同编制的数部未完成作品并列（包括K. 402/385e与《Fantasia》K. 396/385f）。[1] 目前未发现与K. 480a相对应、完整保存的多乐章奏鸣曲。

音乐内容

现存片段显示其可能是一首奏鸣曲式的第一乐章：明朗的A大调、Allegro开篇，旨在呈现莫扎特在维也纳时期小提琴奏鸣曲中日益追求的“对话式”合奏关系——钢琴声部承担了论述的大部分推进，小提琴则更多提供旋律轮廓与光彩，而非仅仅加倍同奏。[1] 若置于当时语境中聆听，这段残稿也贴合莫扎特1782年在维也纳的关注点：一方面维持面向公众的键盘炫技，另一方面又在更亲密的室内乐语汇中寻求表达的精致与深度。[3]

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[1] Neue Mozart-Ausgabe (NMA) VIII/23/2: Sonatas and Variations for Keyboard & Violin — English foreword noting the unfinished 1782 group and listing KV Appendix 48/480a = KV6 385E.

[2] Wikipedia: Köchel catalogue — entry line for K. 480a (Allegro for Piano and Violin, fragment), dated 1782, Vienna.

[3] Oxford Academic (chapter PDF): '1782. Early Vienna Concertos' from A Companion to Mozart’s Piano Concertos — contextual discussion of Mozart’s Viennese work and style in 1782.