K. Anh.C 23.06

e小调小提琴奏鸣曲（K. Anh.C 23.06）——伪作（作者不详）

von Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Unfinished portrait of Mozart by Lange, 1782-83
Mozart, unfinished portrait by Joseph Lange, c. 1782–83

《e小调小提琴奏鸣曲》（K. Anh.C 23.06；亦见以 K. 60 传世）是一首篇幅短小的键盘与小提琴奏鸣曲，19世纪初的印刷品曾将其归于莫扎特名下，但现今普遍认定为伪作（作者不详）。通常（但需谨慎）将其年代定为1784年，不过其创作地点与成因背景均无可靠文献可据。

背景与脉络

K. Anh.C 23.06 并无已知的莫扎特亲笔手稿存世，在当代编目中被视为误归之作：作者不详，而常见的“1784年”也应理解为大致推定，并非文献确证。这部作品最早可确证的踪迹，出现在19世纪初莫扎特“全集”出版的传播圈层之中：Köchel-Verzeichnis Online 记载其 Erstdruck（初版）为1804年莱比锡布赖特科普夫与黑特尔（Breitkopf & Härtel）所刊，后又有一份较晚的早期版本在巴黎印行（1825年）。在这一传本系统中，该奏鸣曲配器为 clavier and violin——这一体裁与莫扎特维也纳时期尤为紧密相连，尽管这首作品本身无法确切纳入其生平轨迹之中。12

音乐特征

从乐谱呈现来看，K. Anh.C 23.06 采用紧凑的三乐章结构：

  • I. Adagio 1
  • II. Allegro con spirito 1
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  • III. Rondeau: Tempo di Minuetto 1

其布局契合18世纪后期家庭式二重奏的实践：键盘声部承担了主要的音乐论述，小提琴则以伙伴身份参与，并作为色彩性的对位与映衬。然而，现存来源及其较晚的出版史，使我们更应谨慎聆听——与其将其视为一篇确凿无疑的“莫扎特式”表述，不如把它理解为一首颇具吸引力、但作者身份仍未厘清的时代奏鸣曲。

[1] Köchel-Verzeichnis Online (Internationale Stiftung Mozarteum), work entry for KV Anh. C 23.06: key (E minor), scoring (vl, clav), authenticity status (falsely attributed), dating (1784), and links to movements.

[2] New Mozart Edition (NMA) X/29/2 — Works of Doubtful Authenticity, vol. 2 (English preface): discussion of the six sonatas KV 55–60 / KV6 Appendix C 23.01–23.06 and their early publication and authenticity debate.