K. Anh.H 12,29

A大调四声部赋格（K. Anh.H 12,29）

di Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Mozart from family portrait, c. 1780-81
Mozart from the family portrait, c. 1780–81 (attr. della Croce)

所谓的《A大调四声部赋格》（K. Anh.H 12,29）是一段短小的对位片段，与莫扎特维也纳时期的创作活动相关，目录中通常将其标注为1782年。尽管作者归属并不确定，它仍让人得以一窥莫扎特二十五六岁时在键盘写作周边所进行的那类赋格式“声部进行练习”。

背景与语境

1782年，沃尔夫冈·阿玛多伊斯·莫扎特（1756–1791）26岁，刚在维也纳站稳脚跟——此前不久，他的《后宫诱逃》（1782年7月首演）获得成功，而同年8月他与康斯坦采·韦伯结婚 [2]。在同一时期，作品目录把若干简短的对位草稿与赋格片段归拢到莫扎特的键盘活动周边，其中包括一首被列为A大调“为四个声部”的赋格（有时也被描述为“为四位歌者”）[1]。在《新莫扎特全集》（Neue Mozart-Ausgabe，NMA）中，这部作品作为片段之一出现：以开放总谱的方式记谱，强调它更像草稿与习作，而非一首打磨完成、可供音乐会演出的作品 [3]。

音乐特征

尽管常被归入键盘音乐，“四位歌者”这一称呼更应理解为赋格织体中的“四条独立声部”——可分别视作女高音、女中音、男高音与男低音的线条；它们以开放总谱展开，而不是成熟钢琴写作常见的双五线谱织体 [1] [3]。音乐在A大调中以紧凑、偏学院式的方式推演模仿写作：各声部依次进入，交织出控制严密的对位纹理。若在键盘上阅读，它很像莫扎特在1780年代初也曾投入的那类“把对位明确写出”的练笔式赋格探索——这类音乐的目的不仅在于声音效果，同样也在于作曲训练与纪律 [1]。

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Affordable Dover edition of Mozart's letters — complete selection, unbeatable price.

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Oscar-winning biographical film about Mozart — drives Prime sign-ups from classical music fans.

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Fischer conducts the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment in Hytner's Glyndebourne production. Outstanding international cast, period-instrument approach.

View on Amazon →
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Miloš Forman (dir)

Oscar-winning film about Mozart's life and rivalry with Salieri. Essential gateway to Mozart for mainstream audiences.

View on Amazon →
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Affordable Dover edition of Mozart's letters — complete selection, unbeatable price.

View on Amazon →
Amadeus (1984) — Prime Video

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Prime Video

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Iván Fischer (cond.) · Nicholas Hytner (stage) · Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment

Fischer conducts the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment in Hytner's Glyndebourne production. Outstanding international cast, period-instrument approach.

View on Amazon →
Mozart's Sister (2010)

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View on Amazon →
Amadeus — Two-Disc Special Edition (Director's Cut) DVD

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Miloš Forman (dir)

Oscar-winning film about Mozart's life and rivalry with Salieri. Essential gateway to Mozart for mainstream audiences.

View on Amazon →
Letters of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Dover)

Book

Letters of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Dover)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart / Hans Mersmann (ed)

Affordable Dover edition of Mozart's letters — complete selection, unbeatable price.

View on Amazon →
Amadeus (1984) — Prime Video

Prime Movie

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Miloš Forman (dir)

Oscar-winning biographical film about Mozart — drives Prime sign-ups from classical music fans.

View on Amazon →
Così fan tutte — Glyndebourne 2006, Iván Fischer

Prime Video

Così fan tutte — Glyndebourne 2006, Iván Fischer

Iván Fischer (cond.) · Nicholas Hytner (stage) · Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment

Fischer conducts the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment in Hytner's Glyndebourne production. Outstanding international cast, period-instrument approach.

View on Amazon →
Mozart's Sister (2010)

Prime Movie

Mozart's Sister (2010)

René Féret (dir.) · Marie Féret

French biographical drama about Maria Anna (Nannerl) Mozart, a prodigy whose talent was overshadowed by her brother's fame. English subtitled.

View on Amazon →
Amadeus — Two-Disc Special Edition (Director's Cut) DVD

Film DVD

Amadeus — Two-Disc Special Edition (Director's Cut) DVD

Miloš Forman (dir)

Oscar-winning film about Mozart's life and rivalry with Salieri. Essential gateway to Mozart for mainstream audiences.

View on Amazon →
Letters of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Dover)

Book

Letters of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Dover)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart / Hans Mersmann (ed)

Affordable Dover edition of Mozart's letters — complete selection, unbeatable price.

View on Amazon →
Amadeus (1984) — Prime Video

Prime Movie

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Oscar-winning biographical film about Mozart — drives Prime sign-ups from classical music fans.

View on Amazon →

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[1] Mozarteum (KV Digital): entry for K. Anh. H 12,29 (Fr *1782k), describing the Fugue in A (for four voices) and noting alternate descriptions.

[2] Encyclopaedia Britannica: Mozart biography (Vienna in 1782; Die Entführung aus dem Serail; marriage to Constanze Weber).

[3] Digital Mozart Edition (DME), Neue Mozart-Ausgabe (NMA) table of contents: NMA X/30/4 listing Anh. H 12/29 (385n; 1782k) as a fugue in open score among fragments.